The Zent (Zent) unit is one of the widely used devices in the HVAC field, providing fresh and comfortable air for various spaces by combining an evaporative cooling system with direct heating. This device is essentially a type of evaporative air handling unit (Evaporative AHU) which, due to its low energy consumption and easy maintenance,…

Chillers and split air conditioners are two common HVAC solutions, each suitable for different needs and types of buildings. Choosing between them affects comfort, cost, installation, and long-term efficiency. Therefore, understanding the key differences between chillers and splits is very important. Introduction to the Systems It is better to first have a general understanding of…

Precise control of temperature and humidity is essential for any data center. High-power servers can generate more than 100 kW of heat per rack, and if that heat is not removed effectively, equipment life shortens, outages become more likely, and the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) rises above the desired level. According to ASHRAE standards, the…

Determining the appropriate size of a cooling system requires understanding the amount of heat generated by the equipment located within the enclosed space, in addition to the heat that may come from other commonly encountered sources. Measuring Heat Output Common methods of expressing the heat output rate of equipment include BTU per hour, tons per…

بA cooling tower is one of the most important industrial and building systems used to remove excess heat from water or process fluids by transferring it to the atmosphere. In many industries—such as power plants, refineries, commercial complexes, and data centers—large volumes of water are used for cooling machinery and HVAC systems. During operation, this…

Liquid cooling in data center applications is not a new concept. It dates back to the 1960s when it was used in IBM mainframes to address cooling challenges for solid-state devices that were densely packed and had lower allowable operating temperatures. However, the introduction of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology in the early 1990s replaced bipolar…